“Good for the economy bad for the environment” Assessing the statement with two contrasting leisure activities

In June a year ago, the football world cup finals were held in Japan and Korea. I don't get this' meaning for Japan? Well the appearance of such huge numbers of individuals from outside Japan introduced numerous chances and furthermore caused issues. Facilitating the World Cup Finals gave Japan and Korea a wonderful chance to support their travel industry figures. At that point, Japan was 36th on the worldwide vacationer list (in light of the quantity of voyagers who visit every year). The Japan National Tourist Organization felt this didn't coordinate the nation's economy and populace. Photos of the two host nations would have been on TV screens far and wide for the length of the competition and both Japan and Korea trusted this would support their numbers for yearly guests. It was foreseen that around 365,000 onlookers (Japan Times, July 26 2001) were going to make a trip to Japan from abroad to go to the competition. A large portion of them were going to go via air. A plan to ease clog was that Tokyo's primary worldwide air terminal Narita was to have another runway manufactured, with the goal that two planes would have the option to take off all the while. Since the finals would have been held in Japan and Korea, the quantity of trips between the two nations was going to increment. Onlookers may have expected to get starting with one nation then onto the next as their group advanced through the competition. The matches were being played in ten unique urban areas all over Japan. So rail, street and air joins between these urban communities must have the option to adapt to an expansion in rush hour gridlock. The territories encompassing the arenas likewise must have the option to adapt to the gigantic number of individuals going to the games †more than 40 000 for each. This implied street get to must be improved, and at times, as in Shizuoka, another railroad station must be worked close to the arena. The more straightforward effect for such a large number of individuals was litter, and waste removal, with such a huge increment in guests into the two nations the measure of litter and waste removal was likewise going to increment by an enormous sum. Also, shouldn't something be said about hooliganism? One organization, Yokohama Nisshin Fire and Marine Insurance Co. in Japan offered to sell protection against hooliganism. This additionally was a significant issue that the two nations confronted. Japan and Korea world cup coordinators needed to get ready for hooliganism. The World Cup Safety Countermeasure Headquarters had arranged a database on realized outside convicts to keep them from entering Korea. It sent crews of uproar police at each arena to immediately control potential unsettling influences. Simultaneously, they needed to truly consider forbidding deals of liquor at the matches. What will be the financial impacts of facilitating the World Cup? Well it was additionally conceivable to turn a benefit on the occasion? The expansive monetary impacts of facilitating the World Cup can be generally isolated into two †an immediate and an aberrant impact. Sweeping Economic Effects of the World Cup Unit: US$ 100 million won, 1,000 people Characterization Subtleties Use volume Monetary impacts Worth included Occupation creation Speculation uses Development of arenas, encompassing streets 23,882 36,023 220 Utilization use Common use by the sorting out panel The travel industry spending by outsiders 4,000 6, 825 17,334 130 All out 34,707 53,357 350 The immediate impact secured the lifts to the economy made by the development of foundation, for example, arenas and the frontage roads, consumptions by the arranging board of trustees to show the occasion and spending to outside vacationers. In a report, the Korea Development Institute (KDI) anticipated that the occasion would make 350,000 occupations and raise mechanical creation by 11.48 trillion won ($8.82 billion). The salary got from spending by the 400,000 outside guests was evaluated to arrive at 682.5 billion won ($525 million). Specifically, it anticipated that it would make 5.34 trillion won ($4.10 billion) in esteem included, adding up to more than 1 percent of GDP in 2000 (517 trillion won, $397 billion). The report infers that the general worth included made would outperform the all out use of 3.47 trillion won ($2.67 billion), bringing about a â€Å"surplus† of 1.87 trillion won ($1.44 billion). The backhanded impact secured the advantages that got evident in the post-occasion period. They were related with upgrades in the outside pictures of the host nation and its enterprises and were estimated through increments in sends out and the volume of inbound remote speculation. It was no distortion to state that prime fascination of any legislature in facilitating the World Cup is to boost such elusive exposure impacts. The differentiating relaxation action that I had picked is skiing in the French Alps. Ski the travel industry has flourished and developed since the 1060's in the French Alps, and therefore, an enormous number of resorts have been created to adapt to the appeal. There has been a great deal of substantial speculation, which has been placed into the costly framework, for example, the creation and development of new ski lifts, the making of new ski runs, and the upkeep of the retreat. Be that as it may, this proceeded with development of ski the travel industry in the Alps is having its chance of genuine negative consequences for the physical condition. The primary negative impact on the mountain condition, brought about by ski the travel industry and the retreat, for example, â€Å"Serre Chevalier† is that its beginning to scar the scene, and with deforestation happening where ski runs are and have been made on the lush mountain sides, it's bringing about the expansion of run-of f, disintegration and the potential for natural perils, for example, flooding to happen. The impacts of the skiing business on Mont Lozere can likewise be examined. Overwhelming ski-traffic after great winter snow conditions leaves its imprint on the scene for a long time. The ski tows on Mont Lozere worked for 85 days during the 1998/1999-ski season. The 1999/2000 Season was poor, with the ski tows just open for 5 days. Skiing on Mont Lozere is, best case scenario of times erratic! Since the 1960's, neighborhood and local specialists have supported the advancement of downhill skiing in the Massif Central trying to bring a portion of the monetary advantages related with this immense development industry, to the territory. Sadly, because of the fairly untrustworthy snow conditions in the southern piece of the Massif Central, not all the ski improvements have gotten economically fruitful. There are likewise numerous ecological issues related with elevated skiing, for example, gulling, deforestation and the situating of unattractive ski tows in the center zone of the Cevennes National Park. Another contextual investigation would be â€Å"Ski Chalet du Mont Loz㠯⠿â ½re†. The on-piste and off-piste transects are utilized to survey the harm brought about by skiing to the physical condition. The visual effect of the ski chalet and the retreat framework are surveyed, and the perspectives of a cross segment of individuals are incorporated, for instance those utilized in the business, travelers, and nearby individuals, to evaluate the effect of the skiing business on the neighborhood economy. The Creation of Ski Resorts-The formation of such ski resorts, in picturesque and un-spoilt situations, has set incredible weights on the physical scene with enormous quantities of voyagers utilizing the mountain ski slants every year, not generally in perfect snow conditions, making weights on these remarkable elevated conditions, because of the travel industry. Issues Created by Ski Tourism-Ski the travel industry makes numerous issues, for example, expanded traffic, issues with access, blockage and contamination. Expanded quantities of individuals bring about the requirement for additional houses, inns, and offices to be built, causing issues with water request, squander removal and visual interruption. Ski the travel industry impactsly affects the earth and physical scene, with disintegration of soils, elimination of plant species and deforestation, prompting expanded disintegration and likelihood of risks happening. The Environmental Impacts-The natural effects of ski the travel industry in the ski resort of â€Å"Serre Chevalier† can be unmistakably observed. The scars that are made by ski runs are noticeable in all seasons. It doesn't simply influence the tasteful nature of the zone, yet increasingly significant are the subsequent outcomes. Such destruction of woodland, in enormous ways and plunges, over the mountainsides, causes soil corruption, disintegration, avalanches and expanded run-off prompting flooding. Deforestation and Erosion-Deforestation because of ski run advancement can cause an expansion in disintegration because of expanded run-off. Deforestation as a result, expels the assurance of the overhang and thus, the dirt underneath that was recently secured, is then defenseless with the impacts of raindrop sway and expanded measures of run-off, which would have been recently halted or postponed by the trees. Accordingly disintegration grabs hold and all the more significantly the rate and measure of run-off expands, making potential perils happen, for example, flooding, particularly in these high mountain regions, where unexpected deluges of downpour, with snow soften can make floods of water be sent down the tributaries over a brief timeframe.

Kochansak and Aksan

IntroductionCompliance is a word portrayed as the eagerness of an individual to adhere to a guidance from someone else at a given time. It is a significant worry of children’s guardians and instructors since consistence will enable a kid to follow basic requests at home by their folks and keep rules and guidelines in the school.BodyThere are two sorts of consistence as indicated by the book of Kochanska and Aksan, the â€Å"situational compliance† and the â€Å"committed or responsive compliance†; anyway these sorts of consistence have different qualifications. Situational consistence depends on a desire for remuneration and discipline that is the reason a kid complies with the parent even without the genuine duty and commitment on the grounds that the youngster is either scared of the discipline for not obeying or the kid is enthusiastic of the compensation for complying. Then again dedicated or open consistence depends on the child’s eagerness to collabo rate; it is of their freewill to do what is requested that person to do. Moreover, the submitted or open consistence is the further developed type of consistence and it is related with the child’s internalization.In the consistence investigation of Kochanska and Aksan they discovered that kids thought that it was simpler to consent to â€Å"don’t touch† directions that â€Å"clean up† guidelines. The advancement of consistence is of significant worth as a result of its job in the disguise of a child’s virtue, discretion, self-governance and socialization. The second and the third year of a people life is significant for building up these aptitudes, the child’s capacity to create self-guideline begins at this age.This expertise of a kid joins the intellectual ability to comprehend orders made by their folks and the capacity to convey the orders. Also, there is such a period, that when a youngster turns out to be progressively ready to agree t he person in question would be less ready to consent, an element of the child’s expanding self-governance. As the kid develops more established, the person turns out to be progressively agreeable however with an expanding ability in the utilization of arrangement techniques, this is to get what the individual in question needs (Kochanska 1995).In another examination it shows that fathers are more straightforward in their solicitation for consistence; let’s state for instance a dad will say â€Å"pick up your toys† legitimately to the youngster, along these lines the kids are probably going to oblige on account of the authority over them. Then again moms are increasingly roundabout and progressively friendly concerning their solicitations for consistence, and they utilize deal framework to cause the kid to obey to what they are mentioning; for instance moms would state â€Å"please hit the sack now†, â€Å"if you tidy up your room I will purchase the toy that you want†, these are a portion of the solicitations moms make. As such the youngsters will prone to consent to their moms demand due to the prize hanging tight for them or the friendship that they felt (1995).Proposed explanationThere are different contemplations that I need to propose in the discoveries of Kochanska and Aksan; why the kids think that its simpler to conform to the â€Å"don’t touch† directions than â€Å"cleaning up† guidelines. The reasons I believe are as follows.A. it is simpler to order a kid not to contact things instead of tidying things up in light of the fact that kids would prefer not to be controlled and given directions as of to fix things or to clean things up.B. another perspective is on the grounds that kids thinks it is better not to contact things as opposed to try fixing them and setting up them after in light of the fact that it is a great deal of work to do. Youngsters are obviously an apathetic and they imagine tha t these little undertakings are serious deal and that they can't do it.C. Third part of this is kids utilize the deal framework to get what they need; for instance they would possibly tidy things up on the off chance that they are given a prize for the undertaking they did. This is situational consistence, in which the kid is expecting for something as a byproduct of the cost of complying.Test DesignWith respects to the proposed clarifications over, a test is to be intended to have the option to test if the proposed clarifications are valid or not and if the clarifications are exact or not.In this test we are going to require 20 offspring of a similar age, youngsters who are in the pre-school since offspring of this stage are progressively ready to go along however less ready to consent. The kids would be approached to complete 2 things additionally, either to â€Å"fix their toys and get a reward† or just â€Å"sit down and play†. Along these lines we would have the o ption to know whether the kids needed to consent to things since they will receive something in return, almost certain a circumstance consistence or if kids basically agree to things since it is the thing that they needed to do or what we call submitted consistence. We should solicit the 20 kids exclusively which from the decisions they need to oblige.This study means to know whether offspring of this stage are to a greater degree a circumstance consistence or submitted consistence, and this additionally expects to quantify the readiness of the kids to agree to little tasks.In the finish of the investigation we would have the option to know whether the proposed clarifications are valid if more youngsters fixed their toys for the prize they are going to get.Reference:1. Kochanska, G., Aksan, N.,â (1995). Motherâ€child commonly positiveaffect, the nature of youngster consistence to demands andprohibitions, and maternal control as relates of early internalization.2. Kochanska, G., Aksan, N., and Koenig, A. L. ( 1995). A longitudinalstudy of the foundations of preschoolers’ inner voice: Committed complianceand developing disguise. Kid Development, 66,1752â€1769.

Professional Management Skills Assesment. cASE ANALYSIS Essay

Proficient Management Skills Assesment. cASE ANALYSIS - Essay Example With David Neeleman began his vocation in the carrier business, he had learned and had gotten familiar with the intricate details of working an aircraft. While investing energy with carriers, for example, Southwest after his first enterprising endeavor, Neeleman saw the huge open door in the business as the developing disappointment in the market because of poor help and high admissions. Combined with the data that was openly accessible in regards to the activities identified with the business, he came to legitimize the disappointment as an open door by seeing its market potential. Neeleman then observed that there was adequate interest to back up this chance. The vision of a carrier with top notch administration and low charges was not so much what Jet Blue was about when Neeleman considered the thought in his psyche. It was based on the Southwest model, just that with the utilization of innovation it would mean to separate itself, just as its method of getting things done as a player in the aircraft business. As indicated by the organizer, this new carrier would â€Å"leverage innovation for wellbeing and productivity and with a promise to individuals. (Gittell and O’Reilly, 2001, p.3)† The general market for the aircrafts most particularly in New York City as expressed for the situation, experienced disappointment given the present degree of administrations at the value level in which they are advertised. Because of this, a gigantic open door for a carrier that could offer lower costs for air travel with top notch administration anticipated as a guarantee and prize. This one Neeleman had watched and exploited utilizing of data innovation as one of the separating factors. Fly Blue’s promoting was vital such that it expected to help the objective of the organization to turn into an alternate kind of player in the aircraft business. For one, in accordance with Neeleman’s vision which was to offer top notch assistance at reasonable tolls while improving the experience of

Existence of God :: Ontological arguments

The difficulty of the presence of God has grieved humankind for a huge number of years. Numerous logicians have advanced their speculations so as to demonstrate the presence of God. A large portion of these contentions can be named as ontological. These contentions vary from different contentions for the presence of God since they are not founded on experimental information, for example, the presence or nature of the universe, yet are fairly grounded in unadulterated rationale. First we will consider the contentions introduced by Anselm. He accepted that God is ‘that than which nothing more prominent can be conceived’; in the event that one get this, at that point God exists in his brain; however it is more noteworthy to exist in all actuality just as in the psyche than to exist just in the brain; accordingly, something that exists just in the brain isn't ‘that than which nothing more prominent can be conceived’; consequently, God exists as a general rule also. Anselm additionally puts this another way: we can imagine a being that can't be considered not to exist; such a being is more noteworthy than one that can be imagined not to exist; thusly the best possible being can't be imagined not to exist; along these lines, the best possible being exists. This contention seems to presume that something taking after the conventional mystical God exists †in contrast to the cosmological and teleological contentions, which appear to be limited to a maker and an originator individually. This contention was quickly censured by Gaunilo, who contended that equal thinking could be applied to demonstrate the presence of an ideal island. This is a decrease of Anselm’s position: it demonstrates it to have ludicrous outcomes. Be that as it may, it isn't evident that there is a cognizant idea of the ideal island to begin with: what number of palm trees is the ideal number? Anselm’s own answer appears to recognize the ideal island †which is an ideal case of one sort of thing †from the ideal being †which is an ideal case of a thing, with no limitation to kind. It is no ideals, greatness, flawlessness of an island qua island that it exists, however it is a goodness, greatness, flawlessness of a being that it exists, so the contention works just for the idea of an ideal being. The greater analysis is the one Kant required at Descartes’s adaptation of the contention, yet applies similarly to Anselm’s. It is that presence is definitely not an extraordinary creation nature of a being, on the grounds that it's anything but a nature of a being by any means; in Kant’s terms ‘existence is certainly not a genuine predicate’.

Ikea Selling Strategy Free Essays

1. Official Summary: 2. 1. We will compose a custom exposition test on Ikea Selling Strategy or then again any comparative subject just for you Request Now IKEA Objectives: * IKEA produces modest and reasonable items for the clients. * The organization needs better life for the individuals who can't bear the cost of costly items. * IKEA consistently assists with delivering right item for the correct purchaser. * IKEA consistently attempts to sell their items at low costs. * The company’s worldwide turns of events and its constant duty is to positively affect individuals and nature. 2. 2. IKEA Vision: The Vision is to make a superior regular day to day existence for the numerous individuals. They make this conceivable by offering a wide scope of very much structured home outfitting items at costs so low that whatever number individuals as could be expected under the circumstances will have the option to manage the cost of them. 2. 3. IKEA Mission: The mission is to offer a wide scope of home outfitting things of good plan and capacity, superb quality and strength, at costs so low that most of individuals can bear to get them (IKEA 1994). The organization focuses on the client who is searching for esteem and is eager to do a tad of work serving them-selves, moving the things home and collecting the furniture at a superior cost. The average Ikea client is youthful low to center pay family. 2. Organization Summary: 3. 4. Organization Background: IKEA is a secretly held, worldwide home items retailer that sells level pack furniture, embellishments, and washroom and kitchen things in their retail locations around the globe. The organization, which spearheaded level pack plan furniture at reasonable costs, is presently the world’s biggest furniture retailer. IKEA was established in 1943 by 17-year-old Ingvar Kamprad in Sweden and it is possessed by a Dutch enlisted establishment constrained by the Kamprad family. The organization which was begun in Smaland, Sweden, conveys its items through its retail outlets. As of August 2009, the chain has 301 stores in 37 nations, the majority of them in Europe, North America, Asia and Australia. IKEA author Ingvar Kamprad was conceived and experienced childhood with the homestead Elmtaryd, area of Agunnaryd in Smaland, in the south of Sweden. As a little fellow Ingvar Kamprad realized that he needed to build up a business. Different occasions during his childhood gave him a solid drive to make his own assets and to be autonomous. In 1943 The Ikea was conceived, at first a mail-request business selling pencils, postcards, and other product. The name gets from the underlying letters of Ingvar Kamprad and of Elmtaryd and Agunnaryd. Increasingly over in 1948 Furniture producing was an extra business for some ranchers in Smaland. So Ingvar Kamprad additionally presented Furniture in the IKEA business as a supplement to the general product. This was a triumph and Ingvar Kamprad begins investigating creative arrangements, for example, furniture plan, self-get together and publicizing and by 1951 The principal yearly IKEA furniture list was distributed in Sweden. Ikea developed and after two years by 1953 they opened a showroom in Almhult. Here the clients could see and experience the nature of the items before requesting them and Ingvar could meet clients face to face and gain from them. 3. 5. Organization Location and Facilities: The organization IKEA has a few store over numerous spots on the planet as the accompanying a. Europe: Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Germany, Spain, Greece, France. Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Cyprus, Hungary Netherlands, Norway, Austria, Russia, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Switzerland, Slovakia, Finland, Sweden, Turkey, and United Kingdom b. North America: Canada and United States. c. Center East: Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and United Arab Emirates. d. Asia Pacific: Australia, China, Hong Kong, Japan, Malaysia, Taiwan, Singapore, and Thailand. The offices that could be found in the greater part of IKEA stores is the equivalent, anyway they are referenced in the IKEA Ireland as the accompanying: a. Showroom: IKEA stores are tremendous home presentations. Loosen up on a bed, perceive what number of individuals you can fit on a couch, or let your kids pick furniture for their rooms. Our room settings are assembled completely from IKEA items, and will give you moving thoughts for outfitting, lighting and embellishing your home. . Market lobby: The market corridor is exactly what it seems like: a wide range of pro shops assembled. You’ll discover everything from mats to pots to picture edges and timekeepers. You’ll likewise observe a wide range of home lighting, all that you requirement for your kitchen, and endless one of a kind blessings you can provide for others †or ruin yourself with. c. IKEA Restaurant: At the IKEA café you can enjoy a reprieve from the difficult work of shopping. You can even beginning your day at the IKEA eatery with breakfast before the store opens. Or then again why not have espresso and cake toward the evening! In the eatery you’ll find solid Swedish and neighborhood dishes every day made utilizing great new produce. You can utilize our infant chairs and child changing offices for the little ones. And keeping in mind that the adults rest a couple of moments after lunch, the children can have a great time in the children’s play region. d. IKEA for kids: IKEA regulated play territory and dance hall, and shop in harmony. Thusly, everyone’s cheerful. Or on the other hand on the off chance that you need them to help settle on outfitting choices, buggies are accessible at the passage. e. Care and taking care of children: IKEA gives clean taking care of and changing offices for little kids. Furthermore, our eatery has an extraordinary menu only for the children. f. Streetcars for everybody: There are a lot of trucks accessible to assist you with taking your buys to your vehicle. Or on the other hand you can carry your vehicle to your buys by pulling up to our client stacking inlet. g. The deal framework: Almost any way you need to pay approves of us. You can generally pay with money or a significant of charge card, however other installment strategies are normally likewise accessible. They change from store to store, so please check with your nearby IKEA store to discover more. 3. Item and Services of IKEA: 4. 6. Items Description: IKEA items are recognized by single word names. The greater part of the names are Scandinavian in inception. Despite the fact that there are some prominent exemptions, most item names depend on a unique naming framework created by * Upholstered furniture, foot stools, rattan furniture, shelves, media stockpiling, door handles: Swedish spot names (for instance: Klippan) * Beds, closets, corridor furniture: Norwegian spot names * Dining tables and seats: Finnish spot names * Bookcase ranges: Occupations * Bathroom articles: Scandinavian lakes, waterways and narrows * Kitchens: linguistic terms, once in a while additionally different names * Chairs, work areas: men’s names Fabrics, blinds: women’s names * Garden furniture: Swedish islands * Carpets: Danish spot names * Lighting: terms from music, science, meteorology, measures, loads, seasons, months, days, pontoons, nautical terms * Bed material, bed blankets, pads/pads: blossoms, plants, valuable stones * Children’s things: vertebrates, winged creatures, descri ptors * Curtain frill: scientific and geometrical terms * Kitchen utensils: outside words, flavors, herbs, fish, mushrooms, natural products or berries, practical portrayals * Boxes, divider enhancement, pictures and casings, timekeepers: everyday articulations, 4. . Serious Comparison: Retailers have commonly been delayed to create multilingual Web destinations essentially in light of the fact that they’ve been delayed to grow outside of their household markets. As indicated by a Deloitte investigation of the world’s top 250 retailers, 104 retailers have no global tasks by any stretch of the imagination, however IKEA had a major advantage over its rivals since it assembled its business through store extension as well as through a gigantically famous mail-request list. 4. 8. Flexibly and Demand Details: We will discuss the market powers for the worldwide market as opposed to discussing Malaysian market as it were. Flexibly organizer †request ; need Global gracefully chain the board of Children’s lighting items from IKEA providers to IKEA stores around the world, overseeing deals gauge, scope quantification, renewal and data stream. Answerable for the worldwide flexibly to 350 IKEA stores worldwide inside a business region of Children’s IKEA. The Increased accessibility at the store from 85% to 99% inside a year. Diminished the stock a long time from 7 weeks to 3 weeks inside a half year. Mutual information on flexibly chain the board with associates in China and Lithuania. 2005 Logistics ; Operations, IKEA Trading Southeast Asia Thailand Managed an assortment of ability improvement programs in territories of coordinations and tasks for buyer, professional, flexibly organizer, material director and business advancement chiefs. Notwithstanding be liable for the company’s Center of Competence in gracefully chain the board, executed an exploration program about skill the executives in a multifaceted association that covers Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia and Indonesia. 150 IKEA Trading Southeast Asia colleagues have gone to gracefully chain the executives program. Licentiate proposal has been composed and it raised the regard for the significance of all out improvement inside IKEA pipelines both in merchandise and data streams. 4. 9. Innovation Needs: After riding the market for data we made sense of that the devices in the business are comparable for all the brands. Devices are the core of the carpentry calling. The best spot to begin is with essential hand devices. An estimating tape, blend ruler and level, pencils, hammer; saws, a carpentry square and hand drill are on the whole modest pieces of a carpentry set. Etches, planes and sanding squares are additionally significant in light of the fact that furniture needs a fine, smooth completion, liberated from splinters and sharp corners. A pack of brushes, materials and wipes are required for the stain and lacquering steps. So as to add cushioning or upholstery to the furnishings, the craftsman will require a lot of clasps in changed sizes and a staple firearm. Time the initial barely any tasks finished in

Early Action vs. Early Decision

Learn Which Early Application Process is Right for You Whether it’s learning their admissions fate sooner or demonstrating interest in a top choice school, early application rounds appeal to students for a multitude of reasons. In order to truly take advantage of the early admissions process, students need to understand the different types of early applications and pinpoint which plan is best for them. The most common early application processes are Early Decision and Early Action. Keep reading to learn more about how each of these application processes work as well as some schools with Early Action policies. Early Decision: The BasicsEarly Decision is a binding application process, meaning that students agree that if they are accepted they will enroll. Consequently, students can only apply to one school per Early Decision round. Some schools offer multiple rounds of Early Decision with different deadlines; the only way an applicant can apply to multiple colleges through ED is if they do not receive an acceptance at their ED I school. These applicants can then select another school with an ED II policy, and a subsequent later application deadline, and repeat the process. Given the binding nature of the application, applying ED is a significant commitment and students should only pursue this process if they are confident that their selected institution is truly their first choice college. Specific application and notification dates can vary slightly by institution, but generally the deadline for ED I applications is some time around early November and students can expect to receive their admissions results in December. ED II application deadlines typically occur around the same time as regular decision rounds, near the New Year. Students who apply ED II generally receive admissions results around mid-February. Early Action: The BasicsUnlike Early Decision, students who choose to apply Early Action are not bound by this application process. That means applicants can apply to several colleges in the Early Action round if they choose to. Early Action can be a great option for students who have all of their application materials ready and possess strong grades and test scores, but don’t necessarily feel ready to fully commit to one college. The deadline for Early Action applications for most schools occurs sometime in early November and applicants generally receive admissions results by late December or early January. There are also a smaller subset of schools with Restricted Early Action of Single Early Action policies. For this admissions round, students are not bound to the institution they choose to apply to, but their application options for other colleges are limited in accordance to specific policies that vary by institution. Key Differences Between EA versus EDThe biggest difference between EA and ED policies is whether or not they are binding. Students who apply ED are committing to attend a specific college if admitted, while EA applicants can keep their options open by applying to other institutions in the same time period. While both EA and ED can both help applicants convey their demonstrated interest in a specific institution, ED can be a more powerful option in this regard. ED applicants are guaranteeing to enroll upon admission, which can help institutions manage their yield rate, or the number of students who enroll upon admittance. Despite the policy differences between both admissions processes, both ED and EA follow similar timelines regarding application deadlines and notification dates. Top Colleges with EA PoliciesSome schools with EA policies are as follows: Georgetown, MIT, UNC Chapel Hill, University of Chicago, Villanova, Caltech, and the University of Michigan. In order to take full advantage of early admissions rounds, students need to reflect on their list of best fit schools and create an application strategy that aligns with their goals. If you are getting ready for application season, our team of admissions experts can guide you throughout the process.

Methods to Compare and Contrast Essay Free Samples

Methods to Compare and Contrast Essay Free SamplesThere are several ways to compare and contrast essay free samples. The student may select from several ways to find the essay samples that are available in a site which is dedicated to such purposes. The student may also ask for such essays online by contacting the site, or he/she may ask for an electronic copy of the assignment. The selection process will depend on the preference of the student and the time limitation imposed by the student.Comparison and contrast are a technique used in computer aided instructions. These techniques have been taught by the instructors to students to help them improve their skills with the software or programs and to improve their comprehension skills. Students learn from these lessons and perform better when compared to their previous performances.It is one of the techniques that may be used to help students when they are faced with numerous reasons and situations that cause a problem in understandin g the subject or the details of the subject. When students are faced with problems, they can use the various methods and techniques to achieve the best results. Here are some comparison and contrast techniques that may be used for teaching and learning.Disaggregation of the subjects: when students are faced with several topics to take care of, disaggregation of the subjects is an effective way to help them deal with this problem. This can be done by focusing on certain aspects that are common among all the topics. Students should decide which are the components of the topic that they should devote their attention on. They can do so by choosing among the subjects that are important to them.Proper research: Students should perform some research before they start to research. This will make them learn and understand the process involved in a topic. The students must do some investigation about the topic and the procedures involved in researching the topic. The student must decide what to do to get information about the topic.He/she must conduct research to be sure that he/she has chosen the right source for the information.Use of charts: Students should learn how to use charts to determine the most appropriate situations for different topics. They should study some charts so that they can learn how to make use of such charts in order to obtain the best results. They should also consider studying and interpreting the charts. The student must be able to use the charts so that he/she can know how to do well in his/her essay.Use of examples: The student must not only be able to formulate an argument but he/she must also be able to find the best reasons that explain the actions and words of the author. The student must also understand the relationship between the reason and the actions. This will help him/her be able to know what to do in various situations.

Essay on Children Who Have a Dream - 900 Words

In 2001 the Dream Act bill was introduced to congress. Over the past ten years there has been a major conflict between Democrats, who are for passing of the bill, and Republicans, who are against passing this bill. This has lead to it always being defeated because it has not been able to receive the two-thirds majority vote that it needs to be passed. The most recent failed vote of this bill was December of 2010. The DREAM Act is also known as the Development, Relief, and Education for Alien Minors. There are over eleven million undocumented immigrants living and working illegally in the United States. The Dream Act offers the 65,000 illegal immigrants who graduate from a U.S. high school a chance to become a legal†¦show more content†¦He got called to the principal’s office and found out that the Nintendo DS was stolen. He was arrested on the spot; he did community service till the charges were dropped. A main issue was that Rangle was in this country illega lly and this caught the interest of the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement. He reported to a meeting with ICE on July 7, 2020 with Griffin and his attorney, who was working for free to raise awareness of this issue. When they arrived they were told to come back in September. They were never told they had a court date on July 11, but Rangle was arrested for not appearing. He spent thirty days in jail after the attorney â€Å"filed an emergency motion to have Rangle’s case heard.† He did not want to have the status of being deported out of the United States, so that one day he would be able to enter the country legally. He bought himself a plane ticket to fly back to Mexico before his nineteenth birthday and showed proof at his January court date. Bernabe Rangle brought so much attention to this situation so that everyone would be aware of what could happen. David Gregory interviews General Colin Powel about the Dream Act. General Powell explained that the Dream Act was a way to keep young immigrants who were brought over by their families in to the United States. He addressed the issue of education, which is the main point of the dream act. This says that if a student graduates from high school and completes either two yearsShow MoreRelatedThe Dream Act ( Development, Relief And Education For Alien Minors974 Words   |  4 PagesAmerica Does have culture and beautiful combination of the culture of thousands of immigrants who settle in the US annually. These immigrants brought their culture to the US in one-way or another. They have made changes in the country, whether through the economy, education, work, or military services. Immigrants continue to move to the US so that they can live better lives. The DREAM ACT is very important and it should be pass to give opportunities these illegal children. The DREAM ACT (DevelopmentRead MoreImmigrants and the American Dream Essay1631 Words   |  7 Pagescommon, they all had a dream, that dream was the American Dream. In the present day the desire to achieve the dream hasnt changed. However, the idea of the American Dream, brings up a lot of questions. What is the American Dream? Who defines it? Can it be achieved? Lastly, should everyone have a chance to achieve it? What is the American Dream? When this question was asked on the first day of class, there were many different answers as to what makes up the American Dream. Some people said havingRead MoreMake a Wish Foundation1066 Words   |  5 Pageseffort and dreams created with each new life. Imagine holding that perfect bundle of joy in your hands and looking into those eyes; seeing all the possibilities and future dreams in that one tiny gift God has given you. Imagine now those same eyes, looking at you from a hospital bed and hearing the doctors tell you that your child, your precious gift, is terminal. At that one moment, how many dreams would come crashing to the ground for both the parents and the child? Those dreams, those preciousRead MoreAnalysis Of The Declaration Of Independence By Thomas Jefferson909 Words   |  4 Pagesidea of dream. Dream is the thing which everyone of us need to have. It is our vision. Dream is that what you want to do in future to achieve success in yo ur life. The dream is mainly dependent on settings of one lives and one’s social status. For example, The Declaration of Independence was by Thomas Jefferson. His American Dream, was to make people free from Britishers and to be treated equally. Martin Luther King, gave a dream speech call freedom, but mostly for the African American who like himselfRead MoreThe American Dream in The House On Mango Street by Sandra Cisneros1511 Words   |  7 Pages  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The American Dream, yes everybody has one, it can be from living in a large house and having a million dollars to just having the privilege to live in America and try to make something better for themselves in this new life or new start they are trying to grasp. There are many traditions and dreams of every American today while some dreams are practical and some are not and most of all their dreams are from the heart. The American dream is really simple--it consists of a house a job a car threeRead MoreThe Lit tle Glass Slipper By Charles Perrault925 Words   |  4 Pagesreads. 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There are nightmares and day dreams. Day dreams areRead MoreA Raisin In The Sun Literary Analysis1023 Words   |  5 PagesOur parents always told us that we should have goals and dreams in our life, and through them we will gain happiness. There are some things in life that get in the way of our dreams and goals. In the Declaration of Independence, It states that we have the right to pursue happiness. For example having everybody in the world be equal, and not be shamed upon or looked at differently due to the color of their skin. The poem  ¨The Negro Mother, ¨ the play A Raisin in the Sun, and the article Innocence IsRead More Unfulfilled Dreams in Amy Tan’s Two Kinds Essay797 Words   |  4 Pagesbe unfulfilled dreams†. After losing everything in China, the mother of Jing Mei comes to America with the dream that Jing Mei will have it all: fame, fortune, and most of all success unlike herself. Little does she kno w, her dream will be short-lived. All Parents have dreams for their children. A lot of parents want their children to succeed in life and push them to do so. Some parents want their children to be just like them, but most of the time parents push their children to do things thatRead MoreThe American Dream1150 Words   |  5 Pagesdistributed in different ways. Does race affect the success of the american dream? The American dream, a goal that makes up the energy of the country, it’s what keeps the people going. In America there is education, a vial source of where you are able to study anything you want and know that you will have a stable future. With different situations people are put it that keeps them from even believing the American dream is possible, is no longer on the table to grasp and create, but to worry about

INDUSTRIAL TRAINING REPORT 2013 - 6450 Words

INDUSTRIAL TRAINING REPORT PFCE – BJW ENGINEERING SDN BHD LOT P, KM 105, JALAN KUANTAN – K.TERENGGANU 24300 KERTEH TERENGGANU DARUL IMAN MUHAMMAD HAFIZ BIN ESA MA10122 FACULTY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PAHANG 01 JULY 2013 – 06 SEPTEMBER 2013 BJW ENGINEERING SDN BHD I hereby declare that Muhammad Hafiz Esa (MA10122), student of Department of Mechanical, Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP) has successful completed his Engineering Industrial Training from July 2013 till September 2013 at PFCE-BJW Engineering Sdn. Bhd, Kerteh, Terengganu. This report is prepared by the above mentioned student as a partial fulfilment of this training. All information given in this report is true and does not contain any confidential†¦show more content†¦Title 1.1 Company Organization Chart 2.1 Spool Prepare Fabricate 2.2 Leak Test Preparation 3.1 Piping ISO Drawing 3.2 Piping Instrument flow Diagram (PID) Drawing 3.3 General Arrangement (GA) Drawing 3.4 Test Package Detail Description 3.5 Fit-Up Visual Inspection Report 3.6 Body Harness Component 3.7 Work at Plant 3.8 Piping Support Guide 3.9 Sling Belt 3.10 Hydro Test 3.11 Workshop Work; Repairing Inspection Page LIST OF TABLES Table No. Title 1.1 Company Experience 1.2 Key Personal 1.3 Man Power Involve 3.1 Sling Belt Colour Description Page CHAPTER 1 BACKGROUND OF INDUSTRIAL 1.1 COMPANY PROFILE BJW Engineering Sdn. Bhd. is one of the PFCE Group of Company that focus on Oil and Gas Engineering work such as piping and fabrication work. Was located in Kerteh, Terengganu, and this company incorporate and registered as a registered company on 06 November 1998. Establish to handle many Petronas Gas Berhad (PGB) work such as Plant Rejuvenation and Revamp Project (PRR), mini shutdown/turn around and overall shutdown. Currently, BJW Engineering now involves on Plant Rejuvenation and Revamp Project 2 (PRR2) on GasShow MoreRelatedHealth Equity9260 Words   |  38 Pageseducation level [cited 2012 Nov 29]. Available from: URL: http:// www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hus/2011/fig32.pdf. Reported in: Braveman P, Egerter S. Overcoming obstacles to health in 2013 and beyond: report for the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Commission to Build a Healthier America. Princeton (NJ): Robert Wood Johnson Foundation; 2013. a Public Health Reports  /  2014 Supplement 2 / Volume 129 22â€Æ' î  ¥Ã¢â‚¬Æ' Nursing in 3D: Diversity, Disparities, and Social Determinants Infant mortality rate (per 1,000Read MoreQuality Improvement328284 Words   |  1314 PagesUnited States of America. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 About the Author Douglas C. Montgomery is Regents’ Professor of Industrial Engineering and Statistics and the Arizona State University Foundation Professor of Engineering. He received his B.S., M.S., and Ph.D. degrees from Virginia Polytechnic Institute, all in engineering. From 1969 to 1984 he was a faculty member of the School of Industrial Systems Engineering at the Georgia Institute of Technology; from 1984 to 1988 he was at the University of WashingtonRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 PagesProject Management Institute since 1976 and was one of the founders of the Portland, Oregon, chapter. He was a visiting professor at Kasetsart University in Bangkok, Thailand in 2005. He was the president of Project Management International, Inc. (a training and consulting firm specializing in project management) 1977–2005. He received his B.A. in economics and management from Millikin University, M.B.A. from Indiana University, and doctorate in operations management from the Colle ge of Business, University

A Debate On The Morality Of Abortion - 1575 Words

The reason I would define the term human this way is as follows. If you have two groups of objects which are similar but separate you define these two groups by the defining characteristics. Take for example mammals and birds both are warm-blooded some of each can fly. All birds lay eggs and one species of mammal does as well. A defining characteristic though is that every mammal has hair and no bird does. The same thing goes the other way, every bird has feathers no mammal does. What characteristic then separates humans from non-human animals? The characteristic that makes sense to me and that has moral significance is clearly our ability to love, to put the needs of others before ourselves, and do it regardless of the personnel cost. Without this ability we would not even be having a debate on the morality of abortion. Thus I am arguing that the human ability to love and have a moral compass is what gives us our inherent value. Some might object that I added the potential clause to the sentence â€Å"To be human is to be at once a member of the species Homo sapiens and to have at the very least the potential to love and have a moral compass.† just that it might include the unborn. This is not the case, it is necessary because the unborn aren’t the only humans that have the potential and yet don’t exercise this potential. It was added not only to encompass fetuses but also to encompass the Psychopaths as well as the handicapped as well and therefore reflect realty. A PsychopathShow MoreRelatedLaws Influence on Morals1738 Words   |  7 Pagesfrom the traditional societies Emile wrote about. A modern community is multicultural and pluralistic which means that is not possible to have one ‘’collective conscience’’ and common morality. Morality and law are often connected to one another because the two sometimes overlap. Sometimes both the law and morality reflect the social norms and guide people on how they should behave. For example Lord Devlin said that the law should intervene when society will tolerate certain behaviors. We can seeRead MoreAbortion (Marry Anne Warren â€Å"on the Moral and Legal Status of Abortion, † and â€Å"Utilitarianism.†)1611 Words   |  7 PagesAbortion is the process by which an embryo or fetus is removed from the uterus, resulting in the termination of a pregnancy. Natural or non induced abortions are commonly known as miscarriages. Abortion has had a long and passionate history. It has been induced through various methods ranging from, herbal medicines, and the use of sharpened tools, physical trauma, and other traditional methods. The different legal and cultural views on abortion differ around the world, and in many regions of theRead MoreRelativism and Morality: A nalysis of Lenn Goodmans Some Moral Minima995 Words   |  4 PagesRelativism and Morality: Analysis of Lenn Goodmans Some Moral Minima In Some Moral Minima, Lenn Goodman argues that there are certain things that are simply wrong, which presents the platform for a heated debate to arise as to whether this notion is right or wrong. In the context of modern society, relativism has always had a place, especially in the forming of societal and behavioral norms to which those in a certain society are expected to comply. However, on a smaller individual level,Read MoreAbortion : An Argument Of Moral Idealism1650 Words   |  7 PagesAbortion is one of the most heavily debated subject matters in the United States today. Most people characterize themselves as either â€Å"pro-life† or â€Å"pro choice† depending on their position of morality. 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Being one of the most common and most controversial medical procedures, abortion tends to affect peopleRead MoreAbortion And Birth Control : Pro Choice And Pro Life Essay1281 Words   |  6 Pages Different Arguments for Different Ends Shana Meyer December 7, 2016 â€Æ' Different Arguments for Different Ends Abortion and birth control have long served as very heated, very debated topics, especially in the equal rights movement. Groups on both sides of the dispute have made strong arguments either in support of or against a woman’s right to use birth control and/or seek an abortion. Interestingly, many of the arguments share very similar foundational thoughts but are used to suggest very differentRead MoreThe Debate Over The Abortion Debate1097 Words   |  5 PagesIt is no surprise that the abortion debate has once again have brought into the mainstream focus this year. Yet, this time around the age old debate is now attacking organizations that offer such procedures, vilifying the entire organization for only one service it offers. This vilification has continuously gained momentum for ages, but it was the attack upon Planned Parenthood earlier this year that has brought the debate to head once again. Recently Pro-Life groups took up arms to destroy the organizationRead MoreMora lity Of Abortion s Argument1207 Words   |  5 Pages Morality of Abortion Counter-Argument Kyle Pedigo PHI 103: Informal Logic Micheal Pelt August 29, 2015 â€Æ' Morality of Abortion This paper is written to present a counter argument. This is a counter argument to a debate that has been around for a very long time and likely will not go away any time soon. The topic I will be covering is: Does the stage of pregnancy affect the morality of abortion? In my opinion I have to say no. But, my opinion is not the subject of this paper. My original argumentRead MoreThe Moral Issue Of Abortion987 Words   |  4 PagesMoral Issue of Abortion There are many moral topics people can chose to debate about. One of the most popular ones is abortion and whether it is morally right or if it is morally wrong. Personally I believe abortion is morally wrong. The main reason is taking another persons life. There are many causes and outcomes that can take place. First, the main point of sexual intercourse is reproduction so if the two people create a child they are morally in charge of protecting the new life being createdRead MoreKant s Ethical Theory Of Abortion Essay1266 Words   |  6 PagesPhilosophy 5. What do you think Kant’s ethical theory tells us about the morality or immorality of abortion? Is it clear what utilitarianism tells us about abortion or euthanasia? Throughout the previous thirty-eight years ago since the U.S Supreme Court legalized abortion as a medical procedure, the topic of abortion has spurned several heated debates both socially and politically. In such a heightened contemporary context, it would be rather appropriate to consider the moral application of Immanuel

The Movie Slingblade Essay - 759 Words

In reviewing the movie quot;Slingbladequot; many moral issues arose. quot;Slingbladequot; revolves totally around Karl, a retarded man who has spent almost all of his life in a psychiatric hospital. Upon the day of his release, Karl told his horrific story to a student newspaper reporter. While discussing his story, the viewers find that Karl was treated almost like an animal by his parents, picked on by almost everyone in town, including his fathers bosss son. At the age of 11, Karl saw his fathers bosss son having his way with his mother and assumes the worst. He then proceeds to attack the man with a Slingblade and kills him. When Karl learned his mother was enjoying the event, he kills her to. About 25 years later, the†¦show more content†¦John Ritter plays a homosexual male in the movie who is like a father figure to Frank and a best friend to Franks mother. He expresses several times in the movie to Karl how scared he is of Doyle and how he thinks that one-day Doyle will hurt them. In the movie, Karl puts on the front to be a Christian like figure. His only possessions are a Bible and a few other books on Christmas and Carpentry. In the final scenes of the movie, Karl calls out to three of the main characters before he goes to confront Doyle. Billy Bob Thorton uses the inversion of Peters betrayal of Jesus to create a moral ambivalence over Karls actions. quot;Slingbladequot; has no secret ever leading to his final confrontation, which I believe is a strange mix of Christ-like self-sacrifice and Old Testament Law. In the movie quot;Slingbladequot; Karl expresses types of repulsion that show inner fear of brokeness and fragility. I believe the main theme of this movie was the tragedy of a lost childhood. The moral issues of the movie question the concepts of what we believe in to be right and wrong, sin and benevolence. In Karls position did he even know what was right and what was wrong? From a social standpoint can we blame society allowing a child to live in an abusive home, not providing proper training for handicap individuals? Should hisShow MoreRelated Sling Blade Paper1176 Words   |  5 Pages Slingblade Paper The film Slingblade depicts a mentally challenged man, Karl Childers, played by Billy Bob Thornton, and his trials and tribulations of life. When he comes out of the mental institution he was residing in, he meets a boy named Frank who accepts him as a human being like no one had previously done to him. The whole movie shows how this intricate mentally retarded man; who was domesticated from all his time in the mental house adapts to the outside world. Throughout all the foul judgment

Management Control Systems and Solving Tensions †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Management Control Systems and Solving Tensions. Answer: Management Control Systems and Solving Tensions Financial Control System One of the tensions that is evident in the case of Larkin firm touches on the assignment of costs; thus, a financial management control system must be put in place for purposes of ensuring that the allocation of costs is efficient to the extent that it does not cause tensions within the firm. For instance, in the firm, tension is arising due to the fact that costs such as travelling and other expenses are not well assigned to associates who have to travel and work outside the firm. Coming up with a financial control system will help to regulate the manner which the employees of the organization are spending their money while carrying out the functions of the company, and how the company will reimburse them (Lam, 2014). A good example of amanagement financial control system that can be put in place is to provide guidelines to the staff of the law firm, explaining to them on the most acceptable costs that they should incur while serving the interests of the law firm, and how they would be refunded back their money. Moreover, any money they incur while serving the needs of the customer should be charged back to the customer, and the employee refunded back the costs incurred after finishing the task at hand (Wheelen Hunger, 2017). While coming up with this control system, the law firm should insist on the production of invoices and receipts, before compensation. Moreover, to reduce the risks that the law firm would be facing, it is customers who should fund for any additional costs incurred while serving their interests. Financial control system is also applicable in themanagement of the loss of profits that the law firm is experiencing. Before coming up with a financial control; system that can help to address this loss of profit, there is a need of understanding why the profits are low. One of the reasons is because of high operational costs and expenses. To mitigate on these expenses, themanagement should establish a department that will be responsible for developing a monthly and annually projected cash flow, and identification of the various factors that may limit the capability of the law firm to maximize its profits (Brigham, 2014). Moreover, there will be a need of reducing benefits, and this includes the identification of benefits paid to employees, that they do not need (Certo, 2015). The law firm should ensure that it only pays much needed benefits to its employees, as a way of cost reduction. Regarding the bonuses the company pays, it should restructure its bonus system, so that it pays based on the essential services that employee provide. This will increase the amount of bonuses paid to their staff, and at the same time, eliminating payment of unnecessary bonuses to the employees of the organization. Quality Controls There will be a need of developing a quality control system at the bankruptcy department of the law firm. Note that, the bankruptcy department is still new and unprofitable, because of lack of customers. The quality control system should not put pressure on the bankruptcy department to be productive at the same level with other departments of the law firm. On this note, the quality control measures should aim at ensuring that the services provided by the department are of high quality and the customers who are served are retained (Posner, 2014). They can only be retained if they are satisfied with the services that are provided by the bankruptcy department. To be effective ion these quality control measures, there will be a need of task delegation. The management of the firm will have to identify the most experienced member of the bankruptcy department, and assign him leadership tasks, that will help in motivating the employees of the department to work hard (Heizer, 2016). Other measures would include developing a culture of collaboration and cooperation within the department. It is an obvious fact that without team work, the department cannot achieve its goals. Fostering teamwork within the bankruptcy department is therefore an important quality control system that the law firm can seek to enact. When it comes to the promotion of a junior partner to a full partner, there is a need of insisting on the quality of work produced and the years of experience the junior partner has working with the law firm. For instance, a junior partner who manages to have more than 50% rate of repeat customers, with more than 3 years of experience should be considered for full partnership. This is because the quality of work they produce is of good. References Brigham, E. F. (2014).Financial management theory and practice. Atlantic Publishers Distri. Certo, S. (2015).Supervision: Concepts and skill-building. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Heizer, J. (2016).Operations Management, 11/e. Pearson Education India. Lam, J. (2014).Enterprise risk management: from incentives to controls. John Wiley Sons. Posner, R. A. (2014).Economic analysis of law. Wolters Kluwer Law Business. Wheelen, T. L., Hunger, J. D. (2017).Strategic management and business policy. pearson.

Legislation Vs. Regulation Political Campaign

Question: Discuss about the Legislation Vs. Regulation for Political Campaign. Answer: Introduction: The current case study is concerned in assessing the assessable income of Michael who is a practicing surgeon, takes up the hobby of gardening, and sells flowers as hobby. An individuals income is based upon their tax return. A large number of the information is pre-filled from the details received Assessable income can be defined as that income which is taxable in nature. Usually while computing the assessable income an individual is required to include the amount earned during the ordinary course of business such as selling from trading stock or providing services (Ato.gov.au 2016). On the other hand, Hobby can be defined as an individuals pastimes or activities taken up for leisurewith the objective for recreational basis or in the form of contentment. Consequently, one shouldnecessarily understand the differentiationinvolving a hobby and a business for taxation, insurance and legal purposes. In order to classify the income under the heads of hobby or business there are several ke y elements, which needs to be considered while assessing assessable income. These are as follows; Is the activity taken with business objective Whether an individual has the intention of taking activity with the objective or with the prospect of making profit Does the individual regularly or reputedly plans to take up the activity Does the individual plans, organise or execute the activity in the form of business (Ato.gov.au 2016). The case study gives clear evidence that Michael is by profession a surgeon, which constitute as ahecticprofession. To reduce his stress Michael decided to engage himself in gardening upon his 1-hectare land. Michael decided to enrol himself in the course of designing and flower arrangement. Michael often sold flowers to his friends for wedding, funerals and other special occasions. By engaging himself in such hobby, Michael earns $8000 and simultaneously works as surgeon. As stated under the rulings TR 93/30 that any part of the house is used in connections with the tax payer income earning activities however does not constitute a place of business. The rulings provide that expenses associated with the taxpayers home are of private and domestic in nature does not qualify for in the form of deductions for taxation purpose. Referring to the case of Thomas v Federal Commission of Taxation (1972) ATR 165 where the appellant included Farm Statement in his tax return, which provided the details of certain expenditure and depreciation arising out of the taxpayers land (K Sadiqet al. 2016). It appeared that the taxpayer did not made any income from such primary production during the tax year. The activity gardening and selling flower undertaken by Michael does not make up a full time business as the basic purpose of indulging himself in such activity is to reduce his strain. Amount generated from selling of flowers does not falls under the assessable income and this can be classified under the heads of hobby (Woellneret al. 2016). The study reflects that the activity of Michal is not related to any supplementary reporting or any tax since Michael asserts his activity of selling flower as hobby. Michael clients might ask him to provide them with ABN at the time of making imbursement for supply of flowers or any kind of services made to them since Michal hobby constitutes hobby. The case study also provides that Michael does not bear any ABN and his activity of flower sellingis entirely based on his hobby (Slemrod and Gillitzer 2013). Michael should make use of the statement by a supplier form since it will help in keeping away from the business, which he is supplying to hold back the amount from payment to Michal. The practice of selling flower hardly has any kind of resemblance to his profession of surgeon. It is noteworthy to denote that the hobby of Michael does not constitute business and he is not entitled to an ABN. Therefore, Michael must lay down the evidence that his activity is based on his hobby, which may otherwise enable the payer to hold back 49% of his payment (K Sadiqet al. 2016). Section 6-5 of the ITAA 1997 lays down the incomes, which is in accordance with the ordinary income. The ordinary income derived either from direct or indirect source. Other ordinary income, which is included in the provision of an individuals assessable income. While computing the assessable income an individual is necessarily required to establish the income earned throughout the ordinary course of business. This comprises of the disposing of the stock or rendering services. Under the normal state of affairs a person is under the obligation of including the following amount, which are as follows; Amount earned from isolated transactions outside the ordinary course of business if an individual intends to earn profit. Incomes generated from the written value from the sale of depreciation assets or items Compensation received in the form of workman compensation or any sort payment received from losses incurred in trading stock, trade disruption and cessation of contract (Ato.gov 2016). Any sum received from incentive namely cash received from letting off of business premises; and Interest received from business investment and interest received upon extra payment or early payment of tax. According to the ITAA 1997, there are incomes which does is not assessable during computation of tax and are usually excluded (Ato.gov 2016). This income includes; Incomes earned from hobby Amount from gifts which is bestowed upon a person Income from prize which is not the part of business Winnings from betting or gambling, unless it is found that the person has the actual business of betting or gambling Amounts received from any borrowing of sum (Ato.gov 2016). From the above stated test it is found that Michael earnings from hobby of selling flowers does not falls under the heads of assessable income. Therefore, Michaels earning from his hobby should be excluded while calculating taxable returns. The term defamation is understood as an all-encompassing term, which considers any such statement made to hurt an individuals reputation. If any statement made in writing or any form for publications such defamation constitute Libel which is an attack on a persons reputations (Parkeset al. 2013). The existing case study is concerned with Peter who is a reputed financial advisor. Peter sued Global news because of defamation charges for releasing a statement against him, which claimed Peter to have indulged in deceitful investment proposal. Statement made by Global news against Peter was false and constituted personal injury to his reputation for which he was awarded $100,000 for damages caused. Therefore, the compensatory sum received for damages from Global news does not constitute an assessable income. It is noteworthy to denote that the awards or settlement received from settlement of cases based on personal injury or defamation is not taxable. A person is also not required to attach his compensatory damages claims arising out of personal injury. The statement released by Global News against Peter constituted personal injury since it is an assault on his reputation. Usually a person can recover the amount from damages arising out of defamation and slender (Sartori, Orr and Zangrossi 2016). In order to collect the compensatory damages by the plaintiff, the plaintiff must prove this in the court by stating the statement made by the slender does not bear any ground. The federal court of Australia held in the case ofFCT v Sydney Refractory Surgery Centre Pty Ltd [2008] FCAFC 190 that treatment of tax was turned down upon defamation damages and should be awarded to the corporate taxpayer. It was held that the damages received by the taxpayer for defamation is not assessable in the form of income since they were received for injury caused to its business reputation and not upon the lost profit (Grant 2015). The court held that while assessing the compensatory damages it should be determined in the nature of cause of actions, which gave rise to them and not the manner in which they are computed. The case further provides that the company be provided with compensatory damages of $812,000 because of defamation. The commissioner wanted to treat the amount as income since the damages was computed upon lost profits and were aimed to amend the profit of the corporation. It should be noted that the nature of injury and the character of payment received does not change according to the way in which the resultant loss is measured. The companys business status was equivalent to goodwill and was based upon capital asset. The case provides that the injury harmed the business reputation as well as the capacity to drawcustomers (Burton and Sadiq 2013). Any kinds ofbusiness or injury claims hampering the reputation of business constitutes capital claim. However, under the ordinary concepts, personal injury claims are not taxable as income. It is noteworthy to denote that if a person uses the amount received from settlement or compensatory damages in the form of award to earn profit, then a person is under obligation to state those incomeswhile filing tax return. Therefore, any income generated from the compensatory claim such amount will be taken into the consideration while computing tax. For example, a person upon receiving the compensatory sum following the winding up of claims arising out of personal injury makes the use of the settlement amount to begin his own business then income derived from such income would constitute taxable (Aprill 2014). Therefore, a person is under the obligation to declare such income in his taxable return. According to the common law defamation and slender falls under the heads of personal injury law, which constitute a loss of personnel reputation or character. An action can be bought in the court of law for an individual being the victimised under defamation and slender against the party aggrieved (Miller and Oats 2016). Hence, under the current case study of Peter it is discovered that plaintiff suffered an injury to his reputation against the defendant Global News and proved in the court of law that his statement constituted damages upon his reputation and his personal character. Sum received for compensatory damages by Peter will not constitute assessable income (Austlii.edu 2016). It should be noted that damages for settlement or award will not be taken into the consideration for assessing tax. Any such claim arising out of the defamation damages having based on personal injury will not constitute assessable income for Peterregardless of how compensatory income is measured,. Australian employers largely make use of the clauses post-employment period of an employee. These causes consist of the restraint clauses or restrictive covenants. Restraint clauses or restrictive covenant isgenerally followed in that type of employment, which are contractual,and it is concerned with professionals, seniors and administrative employees. Distinctive restraint clauses are applied on the employee to limit them in an any capacity to compete with their previous employer as a competitor for a limited periodfollowing the end of the employment (Law.ato.gov 2016). Such measures are usually taken by the employer to protect their clients, staff and other parties from using their employers trade secrets and confidential business information. The existing study of Mable, it is found that he entered into a contract with Excelsior for $70,000 to restrict him any manner from establishing her own business, which may otherwise forbid him from establishing any form of competition against his employer. Restrictive covenants clauses generally functions as complementary to Common law of doctrine consisting of restraint of trade. The doctrine signifies that a restraint clauses is specifically directed to protect the interest of the employer from safeguarding his trade secrets and business goodwill (Law.ato.gov 2016). It is noteworthy to denote that the court would not uphold the restraint clause from limiting the competition as this unduly establishes an interference with the employees right to sell his or her own labour. As stated under Subsection 25 (1) if the restrictive covenant co-relates with the current stage of service and phase after the end of the service the degree of such consideration received is assessable since it co-relates with the time of service. As stated under sub section 160 M (7) such services would either fall under the old subsection or under the new sub section 160 (m). This states that whether the restrictive covenant was entered into prior to 26 June 1992 or subsequent to the period. It is supposed that the sum received by Mable consist of an active asset at the time of entering into the contract (Law.ato.gov 2016). As stated in the case of Brent v. Federal 1971, 125 CLR 418 ATC 4195 Commissioner of taxation, the case consider the nature of income whether or not it assessable as ordinary income or capital in nature (K Sadiq et al. 2016). Furthermore, if the income is assessable when it was earned or derived. The contract entered into clearly states that the business information, trade secrets or worth of business goodwill will not be shared on establishing the business which is or otherwise identical to that of his employer. Sub section 160 ZA (4) is applied to cut down any sort of capital gain to an extent where is sum received is computable under the heads of ordinary income. Mabel segment is associated with the stage after the end of his employment and the sum received by him is assessable under the new sub section of 160 M (6). Neither old sub section 160 M (6) nor the old sub section 160 M (7) is applicable to the extent of contract entered into by Mable (Demerjian and Owens 2015). The sum received by Mable for entering into the restrictive covenant tends to restrict her ability from future earnings. The sum received by her is in lump sum usually consisting of capital in nature and it will not be regarded as income. Any sum received for reimbursement on cessation of termination or surrender of rights based on contract for agreement or service or surrender of any kind of pensionable right is regarded as capital and not ordinary income (Kabinga2015). In addition to this, if a sum is paid on termination of service in consequences of taxpayers employment it will be considered as taxable under the special rules, which is applicable upon termination of employment. Mable had entered into the restrictive covenant contract with his employer Excelsiorthat will forbid him from any kind to compete with his employer. The contract is aimed to restrict any form of interference for a specified period following the end of employment. The contract entered into by Mable is usually related with his business so that he cannot take away his clients, customers or staff from Excelsior (Demerjian and Owens 2015). The sum received by Mable upon entering into the contract is considered as earnings and such incomes are liable to be taxed. As stated under new sub section 160 M (6)the degree of such consideration is associated following the end of Mable employment and it will be considered for assessment. Reference List: Aprill, E.P., 2014. A case study of legislation vs. regulation: defining political campaign intervention under federal tax law.Duke Law Journal,63, p.101. Atkinson, A.B. and Stiglitz, J.E., 2016. The design of tax structure: direct versus indirect taxation.Journal of public Economics,6(1), pp.55-75. Ato.gov.au. (2016).Income you must declare. [online] Available at: https://www.ato.gov.au/Individuals/Income-and-deductions/Income-you-must-declare/ [Accessed 31 Dec. 2016]. Austlii.edu.au. (2016).Sadiq, Kerrie --- "Judicial and Legislative Considerations in the Taxation of Compensation Receipts: An International Comparison" [2001] JlATax 4; (2001) 4(1) Journal of Australian Taxation 98. [online] Available at: https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/JlATax/2001/4.html [Accessed 31 Dec. 2016]. Burton, M. and Sadiq, K., 2013.Tax Expenditure Management: A Critical Assessment. Cambridge University Press. Chamberlain, T.W., Butt, U.R. and Sarkar, S., 2014. Accruals and real earnings management around debt covenant violations.International Advances in Economic Research,20(1), p.119. Christie, M., 2015. Principles of Taxation Law 2015. Demerjian, P.R. and Owens, E.L., 2015. Measuring the probability of financial covenant violation in private debt contracts.Journal of Accounting and Economics. Denis, D.J. and Wang, J., 2014. Debt covenant renegotiations and creditor control rights.Journal of Financial Economics,113(3), pp.348-367. Dowling, G.R., 2014. The curious case of corporate tax avoidance: Is it socially irresponsible?.Journal of Business Ethics,124(1), pp.173-184. Grant, G.M., 2015. Claiming justice in injury law.Monash UL Rev.,41, p.618. Jones, S. and Rhoades-Catanach, S., 2013.Principles of Taxation for Business and Investment Planning, 2014 edition. McGraw-Hill Higher Education K Sadiq, C Coleman, R Hanegbi, SJogarajan, R Krever, W Obst, J TEOH, and A Ting.2016 "Principles of Taxation Law". Kabinga, M., 2015. Established principles of taxation.Tax justice poverty. Law.ato.gov.au. (2016).TR 94/D33 (Finalised) - Income tax: capital gains: application of subsections 160M(6) and 160M(7) to restrictive covenants and trade ties (As at 4 August 1994). [online] Available at: https://law.ato.gov.au/atolaw/view.htm?docid=DTR/TR94D33/NAT/ATO/00001 [Accessed 31 Dec. 2016]. Miller, A. and Oats, L., 2016.Principles of international taxation. Bloomsbury Publishing. Parkes, R., Mullis, A., Busuttil, G., Speker, A. and Scott, A., 2013.Gatley on libel and slander. Sweet Maxwell Ltd.. Sadiq, K., 2014. Unitary Taxation of the Finance Sector. Sartori, G., Orr, G. and Zangrossi, A., 2016. Detection of Malingering in Personal Injury and Damage Ascertainment. InPersonal Injury and Damage Ascertainment under Civil Law(pp. 547-558). Springer International Publishing. Slemrod, J. and Gillitzer, C., 2013.Tax systems. MIT Press. Woellner, R., Barkoczy, S., Murphy, S., Evans, C. and Pinto, D., 2016.Australian Taxation Law 2016. Oxford University Press.

Cuba Essay Analysis Essay Example

Cuba Essay Analysis Essay Cuba, which tells of a short period of two young girls lives, is set in the time of the Cuban Missile Crisis, however the play itself was written in 1997. Barbara and Bernadette are best friends living in England, whose familys come from different classes. The play shows how they react to the situation at hand. The Cuban Missile Crisis started because of disagreements over Communism. America was against Communism and wanted to rid the world of it, but Cuba, supported by Russia, wanted to stop America doing this. When, on October 22nd, 1962, Kennedy informed America of nuclear bases being set up on Cuba, just 90 miles from the coast of Florida, everyone believed it was going to be the end of the world. Kennedy ordered a naval quarantine of Cuba to prevent Russian ships taking additional missiles to Cuba. In response to this, Khrushchev ordered his Soviet field commanders to launch the missiles in Cuba if invaded by U. S forces. If either side pressed the button to launch their missiles on the other country, that country would do the same, causing the end of the world. Deadlocked in this manner, the two leaders of the worlds greatest nuclear superpowers stared each other down for seven days until Khrushchev blinked. Khrushchev ordered all Soviet supply ships away from Cuba and agreeing to remove missiles from Cubas mainland. After several days of teetering on the brink of nuclear holocaust, the world breathed a sigh of relief. We will write a custom essay sample on Cuba Essay Analysis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Cuba Essay Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Cuba Essay Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The author of the play, Liz Lochhead, is more widely known for her poetry. Because of this style of writing, her play uses many dramatic, poetic affects, which catch the audiences attention. Lochhead brings the characters of the two girls, Barbara and Bernadette to life on stage through various ways, which are typical to teenage girls. Theyre alone, bored and browsing a pile of magazines. It is a mainly teenage girl thing to flick through magazines, make toreador pants, dye their hair and other such things. Rock Hudson finds home cooking great fun and has a gang of his friends over once in a while to try out his speciality. Barbeque Spare Ribs. Another of typical girl things that . The writer does this so it is made clear to the audience how these girls are. The two girls dont fully understand the situation that is going on around them The Cuban Missile Crisis. Bernadette Cu-ba Li-bre. Barbara Whats that?

The Big Squeeze on Renters Essay Sample

The Big Squeeze on Renters Essay SampleThe Big Squeeze on Renter's essay sample is great for students. If you are a student or a teacher looking for ways to motivate students or just helping you as a landlord to see the positive side of your rent business, then you need this tool. This eBook will help you know what the landlord's side needs to do and what the tenants need to do to win the rent wars. Don't forget that you can sell your eBook to other landlords too.It is interesting to see how hard some people try their best and how much they'll work if you give them something they want. Many individuals would take more of an interest in becoming landlords because of the opportunities they have with the Big Squeeze on Renters Essay Sample. Now you can get all the information you need so you can grow your business.The tenants side of the story will tell you how a big percentage of renter will pay less than what is expected. You can educate your tenants about the process and show them ho w they can apply the terms in their own favor. Many landlords fall into the trap of knowing too much about the process and often try to take the tenants for granted.It is not always easy to find the right tenant for your property, but it is a difficult matter to get the wrong one. When you are looking for someone who has a good credit score you should make sure he or she is a responsible tenant. But there are many problems with letting a tenant who has been evicted before.The Big Squeeze on Renters Essay Sample will let you know how you can get rid of those negative points in your report. It is good to know that you can move on with your life knowing that your property can be rented out by people who are responsible. Most people become criminals by using these forms because they tend to change the information slightly without realizing that they will do so at the end of the form.The tenants side of the story will guide you on how to reduce your payment per month. It is not the amoun t of money that you pay that is important, but how you work it so that you can still pay the mortgage in time. This eBook will tell you what to look for when you are looking for rent reductions. You will also learn about all the different ways to negotiate with the bank and get a lower payment.Word Nancy will provide you with so many ways on how to communicate with your bank. You will learn how to negotiate with them effectively and how to reduce your payment to a reasonable amount. This way you won't be bothered by monthly fees and be able to pay off your mortgage in time.It can be a challenge to try and motivate your tenants but this eBook can help you do just that. The Big Squeeze on Renters Essay Sample will tell you everything you need to know about getting to keep your tenants. There is a lot of information that you will need to know and the best thing about this eBook is that it comes in a handy small portable format. You can read it while you are walking around your office, at home or in the car.

History of Western Philosophy †Research Paper

History of Western Philosophy – Research Paper Free Online Research Papers History of Western Philosophy Research Paper Do you think that Descartes has satisfactorily solved the problem of mind-body dualism? The Cartesian Dualism has come across three main problems, first, whether Descartes had successfully proven the existence of the non-material thinking soul, second, whether the soul (thought) can interact with our body (extension), regardless of the truthfulness of dualism, third, and the mental-or-physical dilemma. However, we cannot find any satisfactory and adequate answer of those problems in Descartes’ dualistic philosophy 1. Descartes’ Mind-body Dualism In Cottingham J, â€Å"Cartesian man†, the author began discussing Descartes’ arguments with the comparison between animals, men and machines. Descartes held that there would still be differences even the machines are made â€Å"bore a resemblance to our bodies, and imitated our actions as closely as possible for all practical purposes (p.109).† For machines cannot â€Å"produce different arrangements of words so as to give an appropriately meaningful answer to whatever is said in its presence† and they cannot â€Å"act through understanding but only from the disposition of their organs (p.109).† That is to say, the difference is that every action or utterance of a machine is limited by environmental conditions; whereas a human can deal with everything in their life freely and creatively because he can â€Å"instantaneously interpret an indefinitely large of utterances [situation] (p.110).† Human being has a unique competence for language, which is distinguished from â€Å"utterances of animals† (p.110). Descartes claimed that â€Å"utterances of animals† are not regarded as genuine language in that their utterances are just expressions of their passion, such as hope of eating, fear and joy etc. One may ask why would human being possess such a peculiar ability that even the most sophisticated machine and a magpie (a bird can imitate people talk) would not have. To ask this question, for Descartes, is simply to ask what kind of substance that we human being exclusively own. And he would say it is our rational soul (anima rationalis) contributes to our thinking which allow us to cope with â€Å"the indefinitely diverse contingencies of life† (p.109) and be a â€Å"genuine language user† (p.109). Extension, for Descartes, is an underlying substance that contains different attributions an object has, namely weight, colour, hardness, temperature†¦and the like. Dualists maintain that a human is constituted not only of a bodily substance, but also of a thinking substance (that we have mentioned in above paragraphs). Descartes thought that the latter, which produce a thinking mind for human, should not be derived from extension. It is simply a non-material substance –that has no extension- â€Å"specially created† (p.111) and implanted in each of us by God. Nonetheless, is such a difference adequate for us to ascribe our â€Å"thinking feature† (the function of mind is to think) to a non-physical thinking soul? As we know for Descartes the words â€Å"mind† and â€Å"soul† are of no difference at all. Materialist may argue that the brain alone can produce rational thinking of human. Now let us go over the arguments offered by Descartes attempting to prove the existence of rational soul and examine their successfulness. 2. The Argument from Doubt To reach the â€Å"non-materiality of the mind† (p.112) Descartes had applied his â€Å"method of doubt† which is to find out â€Å"what cannot be doubted†. Descartes examined his own existence by doubting (imagining the disappearance of) the existence of his own body and the world he was in, until he found himself unable to doubt he was thinking (his mind existed), which assured his existence. Since one could doubt all material things, Descartes believed there were non-material substances distinct from the body giving rise to our thought. A Descartes’ critic Antoinc Arnauld reckoned that although one can imagine himself without a body, body is â€Å"indeed an essential part of him† (p.112), without which one could not even exist. Such a refutation seems to have presupposed a materialistic view, that human’s existence relies on physical substance; and it fails to falsify Cartesian’s argument because Descartes could resist by restating his mind-body dualism, saying the mind could exist alone even though the body is eliminated and immortality is a feature of soul. However, Descartes himself finally admitted that the argument could not sufficiently and deductively prove the immateriality of soul as the soul could be derived from â€Å"our undoubted existence†. 3. The Argument from Clear and Distinct Perception Descartes stated that if one could â€Å"clearly and distinctly understand† one thing apart from another, it was enough to assure him that they were two distinct things owing to their capability of being separated. Therefore, having a clear and distinct idea of myself, to the extent that â€Å"I† am simply a thinking, non-extended thing; is separated from having a distinct idea of body, in so far as this is simply and extended, non-thinking thing. In accordance with such distinction, â€Å"it is certain I am really distinct from my body and can exist without it (p.113).† Then he said that the mind and the body were complete ideas that he could conceive them alone respectively. What he wanted to point out was that if one knew that the mind (a complete idea) could exist without the body (another complete idea), then one could know that the body is no part of the mind’s essence (p.114). The problem here is that even one can clearly and distinctly discern thinking from body; it does not follow that the one who thinks must be non-corporeal. That is to say, although we can directly aware of our thinking, we cannot directly aware of â€Å"what (who) does the thinking† (p.115), which can be corporeal. 4. The Divisibility Argument This argument intended to prove that the mind and the body were two entirely different substances (non-material and material, as mentioned) by saying that mind was indivisible in nature but body was divisible. Moreover, Descartes held that if there was bodily division (e.g. cutting off a hand from a body), â€Å"nothing had thereby been taken away from the mind† (p.116). What he meant â€Å"nothing† here was simply what he called â€Å"pure thought† (to doubt, to understand, to affirm, to deny, to be willing and to be unwilling, p.122), which can â€Å"occur without physiological events taking place in the brain or anywhere else† (p.116). Critic of Descartes suggested that â€Å"our desires and our reason could pull us in opposite directions† (p.118) and such â€Å"directions† would make our consciousness not simple and indivisible. Dualist could reply that even if there were opposite directions occurring in a consciousness, that â€Å"thinking I† could just make one decision, so the mind could retain its unitariness. Again, the problem of the argument is that we cannot infer a non-corporeal soul from knowing that our consciousness is indivisible, as â€Å"what does the thinking† may still be physical. Hitherto we have not found the arguments above sufficient and satisfactory to prove the immateriality of soul. Now it is time we discovered the problems encountered by Cartesian dualism, suppose the dualistic account is true. 5. The Problem of Interaction between Mind and Body The most significant problem for dualism is the problem of interaction between mind and body. As we all know mental changes and physical changes can cause one another. Some kind of causal flow from mind to body and vice versa is necessary in order for such things to be possible. However, since mind and body are defined by Descartes in terms of â€Å"not just distinct but mutually incompatible attributes†, it is not easy to see how such causal flow is possible (p.119). That is to say, it is difficult to see how the soul can initiate bodily movement. In spite of this, we are also curious about where the soul is supposed to take place. Descartes thought that it was located in the innermost part of the brain, which is a certain very small gland situated in the middle of the brain’s substance. (p.121) In other words, the point of interaction between soul and body must be within the brain. He proceeded to say that there must be one place where the dual data from sense organs (eyes and ears etc.), were integrated, so as to enable the soul to have a single (visual or auditory) perception (p.121). Here, the soul was like a little man inside the brain viewing the images from the optic nerves converge. The fatal problem of the thesis was that the pineal gland is the ‘principal seat’ of the soul only postponed, and did not solve the problem of how psycho-physical interaction is possible.† 6. Sensation and Imagination There is another difficulty of Descartes mind-body theory namely the mental-or-physical dilemma. It implies that we, human beings, are also dealing with some psycho-physical phenomena which are not categorized as either purely mental or purely physical. Now it seems that the two categories, mind and body, created by Descartes cannot include all human experience. Let us look at how Descartes pondered on his nature: But what then am I? A thing that thinks. What is that? A thing that doubts, understands, affirms, denies, is willing, is unwilling and also imagines and has sensory perceptions. (p.122) We should have no question about the first four activities, they are what Descartes regarded as â€Å"pure actions of the soul†; whereas the last two ones, imaginare and sentire, he had a different account on them. Descartes assured that when one had sense-perception, some actually present external objects printed an idea or a figure of themselves on his senses. These images would then be imprinted on the pineal gland and perceived by the mind; furthermore, when one had imagination, his mind imprinted some images on the gland, fashioned and shaped them in the brain in the absence of external objects. (p.123) We know from the above that imaginare and sentire are not activities we can practise with our pure intellect (mind) alone. It requires physiological activity which also requires optic and auditory nerves and brain activity, movements in the pineal gland. That is to say, without sensory nerves, we cannot perceive; without pineal gland (brain), we cannot imagine. One may ask why sensory experience and imagination involve brain activity. Descartes’ answer was that imagination needed a ‘peculiar mental effort’ (p.125): suppose we were conceiving and imagining some geometrical figures, we could conceive a dodecagon rather easily but we would feel strange (confused) when imagining it. So there was always a ‘curious gap’ between our purely intellectual cognition of the figure being considered and our ability to imagine and visualize it (p.125). This sensation of having to wait until one finishes visualizing the figure is exactly the evidence of non-pure-intellectuality of imagination. On the other hand, sensory experiences, Descartes noted, like hunger and thirst, taught people that they (their souls) were very closely joined or even intermingled with their bodies, so that they and their bodies could form a unit. The soul here, is like â€Å"a sailor perceives by sight if anything in his ship is broken. (p.125)† Therefore when their bodies needed food or water, they should have explicit understanding of the fact, that is, they knew they are hungry and they knew they are thirsty. In addition, Descartes insisted, some sensations, like hunger, could not be clearly and distinctly conceived, they are inherently ‘confused’. So we can see the difference between, on the one hand, doubting, understanding, affirming, denying, is willing, unwilling; on the other hand, imagining and having sensory perception. For the last two ones have an inherently confused, indefinable, subjective quality which requires the hybrid of mind and body. The dualistic problem here is that both the faculties of imagination and sensation are not straightforwardly ‘mental’, and they are capable of being accommodated with Descartes’ official dualistic schema. Official dualistic schema seems impotent to explain the complex psycho-physical phenomena. 7. Conclusion Even Cartesian dualists can reply the question of how psycho-physical interaction is possible by saying the sensation (sense-perception and imagination) is exactly the evidence of the psycho-physical interaction. However it is still inadequate to answer how the mind initiates the bodily action. Conclusively, Descartes failed to, first, prove the existence of non-material soul; second, he failed handle of the problem of how mind and body interact, and, last but now least, his dualistic theory was unable give an account on the complexity of imagination and sensory perceptions (psycho-physical phenomena). 8. References Cottingham J, â€Å"Cartesian Man†, in Descartes, Oxford: Blackwell, 1986, Ch.5 Research Papers on History of Western Philosophy - Research PaperComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoGenetic EngineeringMind TravelBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfUnreasonable Searches and SeizuresResearch Process Part OneThree Concepts of PsychodynamicThe Spring and AutumnAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementBringing Democracy to Africa